Preventing Colorectal Cancer

March 23, 2007

March is National Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month

Los Angeles, Calif.--Many people know how important regular exams are for preventing breast or prostate cancer. But routine screenings are just as vital when it comes to detecting colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer—which refers to tumors in either the colon or the rectum—is the third most common cancer in men and women in the United States. About 150,000 new cases of colon and rectal cancer will be diagnosed this year, according to American Cancer Society estimates.

But when caught early, patients have a more than 90 percent survival rate, says oncologist Heinz-Josef Lenz, professor of medicine at the Keck School of Medicine of USC and USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center.

Screening tests such as colonoscopy use viewing scopes to search for polyps, or small growths, in the intestine. While the prospect of a colon exploration may be far from appealing, a little discomfort goes a long way. Because it is often not detected early, colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States, according to the American Cancer Society.

“The earlier you catch it, the better for your outcome,” says Lenz.

Most people should get screened every 3 to 5 years starting at age 50. However screenings should start earlier if there is a family history of colorectal cancer, he notes. There is also growing evidence that certain supplements and medications can reduce the risk of colon cancer.

“Numerous studies have suggested that aspirin can reduce colon cancer risk by up 50 percent, but it must be discussed with a physician first,” says Lenz.

While aspirin decreases the cancer risk, it can also lead to stomach problems such as ulcers, increased bleeding risk and renal problems. Calcium supplements have also been shown to reduce polyps and cancer and selenium, vitamin E and folic acid are also recommended.

“The best way to prevent colon cancer is to exercise, eat fruits and vegetables, moderate alcohol and decrease red meat consumption and supplement with calcium, folic acid, selenium and vitamin E,” Lenz says.

However, supplements do not replace the need for regular screenings.

“With colonoscopies, you can prevent colon cancer completely,” says Lenz.